Atomic force microscope cantilever tips with integrated heaters are widely used to characterize polymer films in electronics and optical devices, pharmaceuticals, visitor medical insurance paints, and coatings. These heated tips are also used in research labs to explore new ideas in nanolithography and data storage, and to study fundamentals of nanometer-scale heat flow. Until now, however, no one has used a heated nano-tip for electronic measurements.

DNA is composed of four chemical bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine and thymine paired together in a complementary fashion and ordered in a visitors health insurance species-specific sequence. The sequence represents a blueprint for the construction of the protein machinery to makes a cell work and store information. Sequencing of DNA involves cost and takes time because the procedure involves making multiple identical copies of the DNA and the chemistry involved.